One of the ways that the immune system fights infections is by producing antibodies that bind to the microbes. The highest prevalences of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were reported in Italy, Spain, Martinique, and the UK Afro-Caribbean population. The outlook (prognosis) for patients with lupus today is much better than years ago because of greater awareness and more accurate tests leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment as well as more effective and safer medications and monitoring methods.
SLE may also be caused by certain drugs. SLE can affect any organ system, but mainly involves the skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, and nervous system. Not all patients with SLE experience the same symptoms. Before the diagnosis can be established, four of 11 clinical and laboratory criteria must be met.